The glossary for all organisations

A method used to assess the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product’s life cycle, from raw material extraction to disposal.

Each phase of a product’s life, including material acquisition, production, distribution, use, and end-of-life, which contributes to its overall environmental impact.

A method to calculate Scope 2 GHG emissions based on the average emissions factors of the energy grid in a specific geographic location.

A method to calculate Scope 2 GHG emissions based on emissions from the electricity your company has contractually purchased, including renewable energy certificates.

The stage in a product’s life cycle that covers the extraction and processing of raw materials, which contributes to the product’s overall environmental impact.

Actions and strategies aimed at reducing or preventing the emission of greenhouse gases to limit the effects of climate change.

Science-based greenhouse gas reduction targets that align with limiting global warming to 1.5°C and are expected to be achieved within 5 to 10 years.

A state where the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere is fully balanced by the amount removed, resulting in no net increase in atmospheric carbon levels.

Achieving a balance between the greenhouse gases emitted and those removed from the atmosphere, resulting in no net climate impact.

The boundaries set by a company to determine which of its operations' emissions are included in its carbon reporting, including direct and indirect emissions.

A consolidation approach for greenhouse gas emissions where a company includes all emissions from operations it has operational control over, regardless of ownership.

The boundaries a company sets to define which parts of its operations are included in its carbon emissions reporting, based on the consolidation approach taken - operational control, financial control or equity share.

A legally binding international treaty adopted in 2015, with the goal of limiting global warming to well below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C, compared to pre-industrial levels.

The process of assigning emissions based on the physical relationships between inputs and outputs, and the quantity of emissions.

Quantified data collected directly from specific processes or activities within a company’s value chain, used to assess greenhouse gas emissions more accurately.

The total greenhouse gas emissions generated throughout a product’s lifecycle, from raw material extraction to disposal, measured in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e).

The life cycle stage in a product’s life cycle where it is distributed and stored before reaching the end consumer, which contributes to its overall carbon footprint.

The life cycle stage in a product's lifecycle that starts when production begins and ends when the final product is completed and ready to be distributed.

Energy sourced from natural resources that are replenished constantly, like sunlight, wind, water, geothermal heat, and biofuels, contributing to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Certificates that verify that one megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity has been generated from renewable sources. RECs allow companies to claim the use of green energy, even if the actual electricity consumed isn’t renewable.

A global collaboration between CDP, United Nations Global Compact, World Resource Institute and World Wide Fund for Nature, helping companies set emission reduction targets aligned with limiting global warming to well below 2°C as outlined in the Paris Agreement.

Corporate targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with climate science, helping limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C as set by the Paris Agreement.